Ischemia and reperfusion of liver induces eNOS and iNOS expression: effects of a NO donor and NOS inhibitor.

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the protein expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases (eNOS, iNOS) and nitrotyrosine after I/R challenges to the liver, and blood levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), hydroxyl radical and NO were measured before ischemia and after reperfusion. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of the common hepatic artery and portal vein for 40 min, followed by reperfusion for 90 min. Reperfusion of the liver induced a significant increase in the blood concentrations of AST, ALT, LDH (n = 8; P < 0.001), hydroxyl radical (n = 8; P < 0.001) and NO (n = 8; P < 0.01). The eNOS, iNOS, nitrotyrosine, SOD1 and SOD2 protein expression was also found to increase significantly after reperfusion (n = 3). Administration of the NOS inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (n = 8) had a protective effect on the I/R-related injury, but the NO donor L-arginine (L-Arg) (n = 8) potentiated the damage caused by I/R. These results suggest that reperfusion of the liver induces expression of NOS, which is related to the elevation of blood NO. The increase in hydroxyl radical concentration was accompanied by an increase in antioxidant enzyme expression (SOD1 and SOD2), and an increase in nitrotyrosine expression was also observed, reflecting the increased production of NO and oxygen radicals. We concluded from the protective effect of L-NAME and the potentiation by L-Arg that NOS expression and increases in NO and hydroxyl radical production have deleterious effects on the response to I/R in the liver.